International marketing is a commercial operation to deliver the goods and services of one country to customers in other countries, in order to make a profit. International marketing also includes the production and sale of goods and services in more than one country. For example, the Ford company, whose main location is in America, exports the car produced in Germany to other countries. For this reason, sometimes international marketing is also referred to as multinational marketing. It is necessary to explain that the concept, steps and principles of marketing are standard and applicable in all markets and countries. Therefore, the difference between international marketing and domestic marketing is related to their field of activity.
In other words, international marketing is conducting marketing activities in more than one country. International marketing is often referred to as global marketing, which means that the marketing mix (in short, product, price, place, promotion) is designed to target international customers and according to preferences. Residents of different countries are customized.
One of the most important decisions that every company has to make is whether to enter the international market or be limited to the borders of its country, but perhaps because of the security of the domestic market share that they have and the unwillingness to learn the rules and Global market regulations are not interested in globalization. However, the following reasons attract organizations to globalization:
- – The growth of the scale of the global economy
- – International market size
- – International virgin markets
- – Profitable opportunities that exist in international markets.
Iran’s contribution to international marketing
According to statistics from the World Trade Organization, Iran exported goods worth $20.544 billion in the first 6 months of 2017, accounting for 0.47% of total world exports. Iran’s export of goods in the first 6 months of the year was 58 million 635 thousand tons of goods. More than 70% of Iran’s commodity exports in the first half of 2016 are related to fuel and mineral products, and about 21% belong to industrial goods. The main export destinations have been China, Iraq, South Korea and India. Also, 23.595 billion dollars worth of goods have been imported into Iran in the first 6 months of the year, which is about 0.27 percent of the total world import value, and 17 million and 195 thousand tons of foreign goods have also been imported into Iran. Of this amount of imported goods, 59% are related to industrial goods and about 30% are related to agricultural products. Iran’s main import sources in the first half of the year were China, UAE, Turkey, South Korea and India.
Conventional methods of international trade in the world
Clearing transactions
Barter transactions, in its limited sense, are the simple exchange of goods without the exchange of related funds. In clearing transactions, it is very careful that the type of goods and services are valued at the values of the same country or the opposite party.
Compensatory transactions
This type of transaction takes place when the value of imports from a foreign country is compared to exports to the same country or vice versa, in a clearing account. The purpose of such a settlement is to prevent one country from becoming indebted to another country.
Total compensatory transactions
In this type of transaction, like clearing transactions, all settlement is done sexually (exchange of goods). In both transactions, goods are delivered without money transfer.
Incomplete compensatory transactions
The method of doing this kind of transactions is practically similar to total compensation transactions. The exporter receives part of the payment for the goods in cash and the rest in the form of goods (for which he must find a customer).
Mutual purchase
In mutual purchase, the import of one type of goods is done together with the export of another type. Unlike compensation transactions, the exporter receives his money from the buyer through a remittance This action gives him the opportunity to fulfill his mutual obligations that must be settled in cash, and if he is unable to do so, he will be subject to a fine.
Transactions Switch
Such transactions are not similar to commercial goods transactions in nature, but are currency transactions that provide financial facilities for international exchanges of commercial goods. Therefore, the term SWITCH refers to the conversion of the currency resulting from compensation transactions (bilateral payment contracts or clearing accounts) into a freely convertible currency – such as the US dollar.
